DEA with non-monotonic variables. Application to EU governments’ macroeconomic efficiency
提出一种处理非单调变量的DEA模型，并用于评估欧盟成员国在税收、债务、GDP增长和就业方面的宏观经济效率。
Conventional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) considers monotonic variables, ie the lower the inputs and the larger the outputs, the better. There are, however, occasions when the monotonicity of a variable with respect to efficiency depends on the value of the variable, that is in a certain range of values an increase in the variable is desirable, while in another range it is a decrease of the variable that is desirable. In this paper, a DEA model that solves problems considering non-monotonic variables is proposed. An application to assess the macroeconomic efficiency of European Union Member States, as regards taxation, gross debt, GDP growth and employment is presented.