Novice, Portfolio, and Serial Founders in Rural and Urban Areas
比较农村和城市地区新手、组合型和连续创业者三类创业者的个人背景、工作经历、创业动机及企业财务、就业和绩效差异，为政策制定者和研究者提供参考。
To encourage economic development policy makers and practitioners need to understand the backgrounds and objectives of entrepreneurs who own businesses in rural as well as urban areas. In this study rural firms owned by novice, portfolio, and serial founders were compared. In addition, urban firms owned by novice, portfolio, and serial founders were compared. At the founder level of analysis, similarities as well as differences in the personal background, work experiences, reasons leading to the start-up of businesses, and personal attitudes to entrepreneurship of these three types of founders were explored. At the organizational level of analysis, finance, employment and performance differences between the businesses owned by the three types of founders were analyzed. Implications for policy makers and researchers studying entrepreneurial careers and independent businesses over time are discussed.