Mainstreaming Innovation in Art Worlds: Cooperative links, conventions and amphibious artists
扩展了Becker的艺术世界概念，分析创新如何通过主流者、特立独行者、局外人和新手的合作过程产生，并强调两栖艺术家在连接主流与边缘群体中的作用，以美国独立电影主流化为案例。
We extend Becker’s conception of art worlds to articulate the boundaries which enable and constrain innovation in art. Synthesizing network and institutional approaches to art innovation, we argue that new conventions develop through a cooperative process involving mainstreamers, mavericks, outsiders, and novices – whose interactions produce novel ways of linking artists to those who consume their products. We emphasize the role of amphibious artists in bridging mainstream and maverick social types, thereby reducing the distance between ‘outside’ and ‘inside’, and crossing the more permeable boundaries separating them. We illustrate the framework with a case of innovation in the film art world: the mainstreaming of American independent cinema.