Quality Standards, Industry Structure, and Welfare in a Global Economy
研究了当企业可以开发高于公共标准的私人标准时，最低质量标准对产业结构、贸易和福利的影响，发现公共标准能提高福利，尤其是在低生产率企业集中的情况下。
Abstract We study the impact that mimimum quality standards have on industry structure, trade, and welfare when firms can develop their own private standard with a higher quality than the public standard. We introduce vertical differentiation in a firm‐based trade model in which firms differ in terms of their productivity and non‐cooperatively select the quality and price of their product. A higher public standard increases prices set by constrained and unconstrained firms, but the effect on firms' output is generally ambiguous for both types of firms. The most productive firms raise their private standard and enjoy higher profits at the expense of less productive firms. A public standard can increase welfare, especially when there is a high concentration of low productivity domestic firms because of a better allocation of resources.