The external benefits of higher education
用微观到宏观的模拟方法估算高等教育外部收益的宏观经济效应，探讨技术外溢和劳动力市场生产力外溢两种外部性，发现其影响可能很大，但微观证据不足。
The external benefits of higher education. Regional Studies. The private-market benefits of education are widely studied at the micro-level, although the magnitude of their macroeconomic impact is disputed. However, there are additional benefits of education that are less well understood. In this paper the macroeconomic effects of external benefits of higher education are estimated using the ‘micro-to-macro’ simulation approach. Two types of externalities are explored: technology spillovers and productivity spillovers in the labour market. These links are illustrated and the results suggest they could be very large. However, this is qualified by the dearth of microeconomic evidence, for which the authors hope to encourage further work.