Determinants of state aid to firms: the case of the European automotive industry
基于1992-2008年欧盟汽车工业数据，发现欧盟政策有效减少了国家援助并转向横向目标，但选举年政府更慷慨，尤其比例代表制国家，且各国援助决策相互影响。
Using an original database for the 1992–2008 period, we investigate the determinants of state aid to the automotive industry in the European Union (EU). We find evidence that EU policies have been effective in reducing state aid and re-orienting it toward horizontal objectives. However, national politics still have considerable relevance. During election years, governments are more generous, and this is particularly true in EU countries with proportional representation. Finally, a strategic game between countries seems to take place, whereby a country’s decision to grant aid seems to be responsive to aid previously granted by other member states.