Dynamic Effects of Co-Ethnic Networks on Immigrants’ Economic Success
利用德国移民纵向数据，研究发现同族网络大的地区移民在抵达后更易就业，但四年后优势消失，因小网络地区移民通过人力资本投资追赶上来，且对低技能、难民和德裔移民影响更强。
Abstract In this paper we investigate how co-ethnic networks affect the economic success of immigrants. Using longitudinal data of immigrants in Germany and including a large set of fixed effects and pre-migration controls to address the possible endogeneity of initial location, we find that immigrants in districts with larger co-ethnic networks are more likely to be employed soon after arrival. This advantage fades after four years, as migrants located in places with smaller co-ethnic networks catch up due to greater human capital investments. These effects appear stronger for lower-skilled immigrants, as well as for refugees and ethnic Germans.