The Contribution of Skills and Family Background to Educational Mobility
基于明尼苏达双胞胎家庭研究样本，分析了硬技能和软技能对早期教育成功和大学成就的影响，并利用家庭背景信息估计了社会代际流动的决定因素，发现人格特征（尤其是智力）的传递解释了子女向上和向下流动的很大一部分。
Abstract We study the role of hard and soft skills in economic performance and social mobility in a sample of twins ( N = 2,764) from the Minnesota Twin Family Study, combining classical economic models of parental investment with a complete and realistic equilibrium model of genetic transmission of skills. Hard and soft skills have comparable roles in affecting early educational success and college attainment. We then use the information on family background to estimate the determinants of social intergenerational mobility. The transmission of personality characteristics – in particular but not exclusively of intelligence – explains a substantial fraction of upward and downward mobility of children.