Downward flexibility: Who is willing to take an inferior job?
基于2005年国际社会调查项目数据，研究了19个OECD国家中工人愿意接受更差工作以避免失业的“向下灵活性”，发现自由劳动力市场体制、弱势群体（低收入、女性、年轻人）以及高不平等、弱工会的国家中这种意愿更强。
Most workers look forward to better jobs across their careers, but in an age of rising inequality and insecurity at work, some are willing to accept an inferior job in order to avoid joblessness. We use the Work Orientations III survey from the 2005 International Social Survey Programme to explore such ‘downward flexibility’ and develop several regression models specified for 19 OECD countries to test hypotheses and explore macro- and individual-level variations. Workers in liberal ‘labour market regimes’ are more tolerant of downward adaptations, in line with evidence that these regimes produce strongly institutionalized norms of flexibility. Tolerance of a worse job is also higher among those with weak labour market positions (low-income respondents, women and young people). Further macro-level analysis suggests that the ‘model’ country with the most downwardly flexible workers would be rich and unequal, with weak unions and low levels of social protection and industrial rights.