Administrative tradition and management reforms: a comparison of agency chief executive accountability in four Continental Rechtsstaat countries
基于对四个法治国家机构首席执行官的调查数据，研究了管理改革与行政传统之间的张力，发现法律和财务问责并未被结果问责取代，国家特性比法治模型更影响核心行政价值观。
This article investigates perceived accountability patterns of national agencies’ chief executives in four countries with a Rechtsstaat tradition and tests theoretical expectations about potential tensions between managerial reforms and administrative values using survey data (N = 453). All countries combine old and new forms of accountability requirements, while legal and financial accountability have not been replaced with results accountability. Switzerland and the Netherlands score highest on results accountability, though in combination with legal and financial accountability, which are dominant in Germany and Austria. Nation-specific characteristics seem more important for core values of public administration than generic characteristics of the Rechtsstaat model.