Whose Backyard and What’s at Issue? Spatial and Ideological Dynamics of Local Opposition to Fracking in New York State, 2010 to 2013
作者研究了2010至2013年间纽约州各市镇通过禁止水力压裂法（一种开采页岩气的技术）开采天然气的法令的原因。作者认为，地方反对压裂的行为取决于对页岩气行业的多种看法，并将这些看法与公众对工业用地的三种空间反应模式（“别在我家后院”、“别在任何人后院”和“请在我家后院”）相匹配，以理解地方争议的产生和政策变化。事件史分析和逻辑回归结果显示：首先，位于页岩有利区域的社区没有通过反压裂法令，因为反对被支持开发的力量抵消；禁令主要出现在目标区域边缘的“地理甜点”，那里缺乏经济利益。其次，随着压裂成为高度政治化的全国辩论话题，地方反对越来越反映政治自由派的动员，这体现在地理甜点之外倾向民主党的社区通过法令的比率上升。
What drives local decisions to prohibit industrial land uses? This study examines the passage of municipal ordinances prohibiting gas development using hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) in New York State. I argue that local action against fracking depended on multiple conceptions of the shale gas industry. Matching these alternative conceptions with prevailing spatial models of public response to industrial land uses—“not in my backyard,” “not in anyone’s backyard,” and “please in my backyard”—improves our understanding of where local contention might emerge and how it contributes to policy change. Results from event history and logistic regression analyses show, first, that communities lying above favorable areas of the shale did not pass anti-fracking laws because opposition to fracking was counteracted by significant local support for development. Fracking bans passed primarily in a geographic sweet spot on the periphery of targeted regions, where little or no compelling economic interest in development existed. Second, as fracking became the subject of a highly politicized national debate, local opposition increasingly reflected mobilization by political liberals. This trend is reflected in the increasing rate of ordinance adoption among Democratic-leaning communities outside the geographic sweet spot.