Trends and patterns in the triple burden of malnutrition in India
利用人体测量、生化及膳食质量指标，结合相对价格变化，分析印度营养过剩、营养不足和微量营养素缺乏三重负担的趋势，发现超重问题快速蔓延，贫血持续高发，膳食质量改善不足且穷人更难负担健康食品。
Abstract This paper brings together recent evidence on what has come to be referred to as the triple burden of malnutrition—consisting of overnutrition, undernutriton, and micronutrient deficiencies—using various anthropometric, biochemical, and diet quality indicators, and juxtaposing these against changes in relative prices. The evidence points to the rapid emergence of overweight as a public health problem, widespread not only in urban, but also in rural areas; associated noncommunicable diseases are also on the rise. Over time, while most indicators of undernutrition have improved, magnitudes are nonetheless high; a persistent problem is anemia, the prevalence of which remains high and unchanged. As for food, more than quantity, it is its quality that appears to be correlated with malnutrition. Yet improvements in diet quality have not been high, and micronutrient intakes remain low. It has become increasingly difficult for the poor to have a diet rich in vegetables, dairy and meat, as their prices (per unit calorie), relative to cereals, have risen faster than for the rich.