Time pressure with state vigour and state absorption: are they non-linearly related?
基于激活理论和挑战-阻碍需求模型，研究了时间压力与员工活力及沉浸之间的线性与曲线关系，发现时间压力与活力呈倒U型关系，且受工作控制调节，但与沉浸仅呈正线性关系。
On the basis of activation theory and the challenge-hindrance demands model, this study was conducted to clarify the functional form (linear vs. curvilinear) of the within-persons relations of time pressure with vigour and absorption. Further, we investigated whether these relations would be moderated by time-varying job control. A total of 52 full-time employees (44% female) participated in the study, which included two assessments per day over the course of 2 work weeks. Our analyses confirmed an inverted U-shaped within-persons association between state time pressure and state vigour and a moderator effect of job control on the curvilinear relation. By contrast, state time pressure and state absorption displayed only a positive linear relation. This study demonstrates that within-persons high levels of time pressure may impair employees’ energy levels but still promote their absorption at work.