Indirect Reciprocity and Charitable Giving— Evidence from a Field Experiment
通过在德国汉堡一家理发店开展为期四个月的实地实验，研究了间接互惠和慈善捐赠两种亲社会行为渠道，发现收集捐赠能增加小费和捐款，且两者互补。
This paper investigates two channels of prosociality: indirect reciprocity and charitable giving. We conducted a natural field experiment in a hair salon in Hamburg, Germany, over the course of four months. In the baseline, we collected data on customers’ tips—a scenario absent indirect reciprocity and donations. In two treatments we had the hairdresser collect donations to a charity. In one treatment the hairdresser pointed out the opportunity to donate. Our data indicate that the voluntary activity of collecting donations in the salon led to greater tips for the hairdresser and significant donations. In the second treatment, the hairdresser unconditionally donated to the charity before the customers could. This donation did not increase tips further compared with the collection-only treatment. Our data indicate that indirect reciprocity works in the field. We find evidence that indirect reciprocity and charitable giving work as complements. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2519 . This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.