Production goes global, compliance stays local: Private regulation in the global electronics industry
研究惠普供应商责任项目发现，国家背景（而非审计次数或能力建设）是工厂合规的关键预测因素，中国工厂合规性低于公民社会和监管机构更强的国家。
Abstract Poor working conditions in global supply chains have led to private initiatives that seek to regulate labor practices in developing countries. But how effective are these regulatory programs? We investigate the effects of transnational private regulation by studying H ewlett‐ P ackard's ( HP ) supplier responsibility program. Using analysis of factory audits, interviews with buyer and supplier management, and field research at production facilities across seven countries, we find that national context – not repeated audits, capability building, or supply chain power – is the key predictor of workplace compliance. Quantitative analysis shows that factories in C hina are markedly less compliant than those in countries with stronger civil society and regulatory institutions. Comparative field research then illustrates how these local institutions complement transnational private regulation. Although these findings imply limits to private regulation in institutionally poor settings, they also highlight opportunities for productive linkages between transnational actors and local state and society.