On the Geography of Global Value Chains
构建多阶段一般均衡模型，研究贸易壁垒下国家在全球价值链中的专业化分工，发现下游生产更倾向于布局在中心位置，并量化贸易成本变化对各国参与国内、区域或全球价值链的影响及实际收入效应。
This paper develops a multi‐stage general‐equilibrium model of global value chains (GVCs) and studies the specialization of countries within GVCs in a world with barriers to international trade. With costly trade, the optimal location of production of a given stage in a GVC is not only a function of the marginal cost at which that stage can be produced in a given country, but is also shaped by the proximity of that location to the precedent and the subsequent desired locations of production. We show that, other things equal, it is optimal to locate relatively downstream stages of production in relatively central locations. We also develop and estimate a tractable, quantifiable version of our model that illustrates how changes in trade costs affect the extent to which various countries participate in domestic, regional, or global value chains, and traces the real income consequences of these changes.