Towards a Europeanization of indirect employee participation: Polish experiences
研究了波兰劳资关系中建立工人委员会作为员工参与新机构的困难过程，发现欧洲化立法并未有效转化为实践，2009年法律修订后工人委员会在企业中的存在降至约2%的边缘水平。
This article reports the difficult path of developing works councils as new institutions of employee participation in Polish industrial relations and the atmosphere among the social partners surrounding this process. Analysis shows that the Europeanization of legislation on indirect employee participation does not always translate into effective functioning of participatory institutions in practice. Despite the fact that the initially reluctant attitude of trade unions and employers towards works councils has become more positive in Poland, the role of these institutions in Polish industrial relations remains negligible. The amendment to the Act on Informing and Consulting Employees of 2009 has led to a reduction in the already small presence of works councils in Polish enterprises to a marginal level of about 2%.