Gender Differences in Executives’ Access to Information
研究发现女性高管在内幕交易中获利少于同等职位的男性，且交易频率更低，表明她们在获取内部信息方面处于劣势，而非正式网络可能有助于缩小这一差距。
We provide novel evidence on gender differences in insider-trading behavior and the profitability of senior corporate executives. On average, both female and male executives make positive profits from insider trading. Males, however, earn significantly more than females in equivalent positions and also trade more than females. These gender differences disappear when we limit the sample to firms in which female trading is relatively high. Collectively, these results suggest that female executives have a disadvantage relative to males in access to inside information, even if they have equal formal status, and informal networks may play an important role in attenuating this disadvantage.