Police and Thieves in the Stadium: Measuring the (Multiple) Effects of Football Matches on Crime
利用伦敦球队足球比赛信息与区域犯罪数据，研究发现主场比赛仅增加财产犯罪，而客场比赛因潜在罪犯自愿参加比赛而减少犯罪，且警力转移导致保护不足区域财产犯罪上升。
Summary Large sporting events affect criminal behaviour via three channels: fan concentration, self-incapacitation and police displacement. I exploit information on football matches for London teams linked to detailed recorded crime data at the area level to estimate these effects empirically. I find that only property crime increases in the communities hosting matches but not violent offences. There is a negative away game attendance effect on crime which is due to voluntary incapacitation of potential offenders attending a match. Police displacement during home games increases property crime by 7 percentage points for every extra 10000 supporters in areas that are left underprotected.