Stewardship Climate Scale
基于846名美国与澳大利亚管理者和下属的调查数据，开发并验证了管家氛围量表，发现家族企业的管家氛围更强，且管家氛围通过创新性影响企业绩效。
While stewardship theory is often used to explain family business outcomes, no prior empirical study has used a validated measure of stewardship. We, therefore, surveyed 846 managers and subordinates from 221 family and nonfamily firms in the United States and Australia to develop a reliable and valid Stewardship Climate Scale. We found family firms have a stronger stewardship climate and the relationship between stewardship climate and performance is mediated by innovativeness, and the effects of stewardship are stronger in family firms, confirming the value of stewardship theory, and our scale, when explaining family business outcomes.