Unfair Tournaments
研究了意大利大学毕业生进入劳动力市场时的性别工资差距，发现性别刻板印象会影响对个人生产力的主观评价，导致某些领域的职业锦标赛更不公平，男性更可能赢得工资竞争。
This paper addresses the gender pay gap among Italian university graduates on entry to the labor market, and stresses the potential for gender stereotypes to impact subjective assessment of individual productivity. We build upon previous research about gender and wage inequality, introducing tournament theory as a framework for the gender pay gap analysis. We hypothesize that the effects of gender make occupational tournaments less fair in some arenas compared with others. As a consequence, men workers have higher probabilities of winning the wage competition, but this process is uneven. Our data show that in contexts where stereotypes are most likely to occur, tournaments appear to be less fair and the unexplained component of the gender pay gap is higher.