Using a Sequence of Earcons to Monitor Multiple Simulated Patients
研究通过三个实验测试了用一系列耳标（短促声音信号）传递多个病人状态的有效性，发现用户能高准确率识别异常病人，但识别具体生命体征的准确率随异常病人数量增加而下降，且声音间隔越长准确率越高。
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether a sequence of earcons can effectively convey the status of multiple processes, such as the status of multiple patients in a clinical setting. BACKGROUND: Clinicians often monitor multiple patients. An auditory display that intermittently conveys the status of multiple patients may help. METHOD: . In Experiment 1, participants reported which of nine patients in a sequence were abnormal. In Experiment 2, participants identified the vital signs of one, two, or three abnormal patients in sequences of one, five, or nine patients, where the interstimulus interval (ISI) between earcons was 150 ms. Experiment 3 used the five-sequence condition of Experiment 2, but the ISI was either 150 ms or 800 ms. RESULTS: Participants reported which patient(s) were abnormal with median 95% accuracy. Identification accuracy for vital signs decreased as the number of abnormal patients increased from one to three, p < .001, but accuracy was unaffected by number of patients in a sequence. Overall, identification accuracy was significantly higher with an ISI of 800 ms (89%) compared with an ISI of 150 ms (83%), p < .001. CONCLUSION: A multiple-patient display can be created by cycling through earcons that represent individual patients. APPLICATION: The principles underlying the multiple-patient display can be extended to other vital signs, designs, and domains.