To Rebate or Not to Rebate: Fuel Economy StandardsVersusFeebates
比较了燃油经济性标准和收费回扣政策两种环境规制对新车燃油效率的影响，发现标准类政策福利损失更大，最高可达收费回扣政策的3.2倍。
We compare the welfare effects in equilibrium of two environmental regulations that aim at increasing the new cars fleet’s average fuel efficiency: the fuel economy standards and the feebate policies. Maintaining the same environmental benefit and tax revenue, we simulate the implementation of each policy in France and the United States. Standard-type policies have larger negative welfare effects, up to 3.2 times those from the feebate. Effects on manufacturers are heterogeneous: some are better of under the standard regulation. The addition of a market to trade levels of fuel efficiency dominates the simple standard regulation but not always the feebate. We also consider the attribute-based standard, technological improvements, and the equivalence with fuel taxes as extensions.