Trade, Quality Upgrading, and Input Linkages: Theory and Evidence from Colombia
构建量化模型整合贸易对质量、技术和技能需求的影响，利用哥伦比亚企业数据估计模型，发现贸易自由化通过国内投入品关联放大效应，提高技能密集度但降低销售额，进口高质量投入品和国内投入品关联起关键作用。
A quantitative model brings together theories linking international trade to quality, technology, and demand for skills. Standard effects of trade on importers and exporters are magnified through domestic input linkages. We estimate the model with data from Colombian manufacturing firms before the 1991 trade liberalization. A counterfactual trade liberalization is broadly consistent with post-liberalization data. It increases skill intensity from 12 to 16 percent, while decreasing sales. Imported inputs, estimated to be of higher quality, and domestic input linkages are quantitatively important. Economies of scale, export expansion, and reallocation of production are small and cannot explain post-liberalization data.