China’s Mobility Barriers and Employment Allocations
研究中国户籍制度中土地政策与社会保障对人口流动的双重壁垒，发现土地政策导致农业就业过度，是工业化的更大障碍，有效土地保障和竞争性租赁市场可纠正此低效。
Abstract China’s hukou system imposes two main barriers to population movements. Agricultural workers get land to cultivate but are unable to trade it in a frictionless market. Social transfers (education, health, etc.) are conditional on holding a local hukou. We show that the land policy leads to over-employment in agriculture and it is the more important barrier to industrialization. Effective land tenure guarantees and a competitive rental market would correct this inefficiency. The local restrictions on social transfers also act as disincentives to migration with bigger impact on urban migrations than to job moves to rural enterprises.