Leadership After Virtue: MacIntyre’s Critique of Management Reconsidered
重新审视麦金太尔对管理的批判，指出其核心指控（管理体现情感主义且不道德）在当代魅力型和变革型领导中更为明显，并基于麦金太尔政治哲学与格林利夫仆人领导概念的相似性，勾勒出一种麦金太尔式的管理与领导方法。
MacIntyre argues that management embodies emotivism, and thus is inherently amoral and manipulative. His claim that management is necessarily Weberian is, at best, outdated, and the notion that management aims to be neutral and value free is incorrect. However, new forms of management, and in particular the increased emphasis on leadership which emerged after MacIntyre’s critique was published, tend to support his central charge. Indeed, charismatic and transformational forms of leadership seem to embody emotivism to a greater degree than do more Weberian, bureaucratic forms of management; hence, MacIntyre’s central contention about our emotivistic culture seems to be well founded. Having criticised the details but defended the essence of MacIntyre’s critique of management, this paper sketches a MacIntyrean approach to management and leadership by highlighting the affinities between MacIntyre’s political philosophy and Greenleaf’s concept of servant leadership.