The international geography of general purpose technologies (GPTs) and internationalisation of corporate technological innovation
研究了通用目的技术（GPTs）在跨国公司创新活动国际化中的作用，发现GPTs的开发与创新国际化紧密相关，且GPTs的国际化程度与其在行业中的中心性显著相关。
This study is inspired by a discussion that there is a shift towards more internationalised innovation networks in multinational corporations. In this study, we introduce the concept of general purpose technologies (GPTs) and examine the role of GPTs in the internationalisation of innovation activities. Based on an U.S. Patent and Trademark Office database covering patents granted in the U.S. to large MNCs between 1969 and 1995, our empirical findings suggest that the development of GPTs is closely linked to the internationalisation of corporate innovations. Moreover, the internationalisation of GPTs is significantly associated with the level of centrality of GPTs within an industry. GPTs are more likely to be generated in an innovating firm’s foreign countries when they serve as the non-primary technologies in an industry. More importantly, a shift in the creations of GPTs to foreign countries is accompanied with increasingly more innovations in an industry’s primary technology areas being moved to host countries.