Fiscal Policy and $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 Emissions of New Passenger Cars in the EU
研究了2001-2010年15个欧盟国家的车辆税和燃油税对新乘用车平均二氧化碳排放的影响，发现注册税对二氧化碳敏感度提高使排放强度降低1.3%，但柴油车份额上升抵消了部分效果。
To what extent have national fiscal policies contributed to the decarbonisation of newly sold passenger cars? We construct a simple model that generates predictions regarding the effect of fiscal policies on average $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ emissions of new cars, and then test the model empirically. Our empirical strategy combines a diverse series of data. First, we use a large database of vehicle-specific taxes in 15 EU countries over 2001–2010 to construct a measure for the vehicle registration and annual road tax levels, and separately, for the $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ sensitivity of these taxes. We find that for many countries the fiscal policies have become more sensitive to $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ emissions of new cars. We then use these constructed measures to estimate the effect of fiscal policies on the $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ emissions of the new car fleet. The increased $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ -sensitivity of registration taxes have reduced the $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ emission intensity of the average new car by 1.3 %, partly through an induced increase of the share of diesel-fuelled cars by 6.5 percentage points. Higher fuel taxes lead to the purchase of more fuel efficient cars, but higher diesel fuel taxes also decrease the share of (more fuel efficient) diesel cars; higher annual road taxes have no or an adverse effect.