Demand-Perception and Self-Motivation as Opponent Processes
提出自我效能信念是自我动机过程的意识反映，其正向变化而非稳定状态才表明自我动机，并解释需求感知与自我动机的振荡互动如何关联正负情绪，从而调和自我效能与动机关系的矛盾发现。
This article attempts to move beyond the contradictions regarding the motivational effects of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy beliefs are viewed as the conscious reflection of an implicit process of self-motivation that occurs as a response to the perception of increased demands. A positive rate of change in self-efficacy beliefs, rather than a steady state of self-efficacy, indicates self-motivation and is associated with positive motivational consequences. It is argued that the oscillating interplay of demand-perception and self-motivation is linked to the dynamics of positive and negative affect. The theoretical model can account for the conflicting findings that exist with regard to the motivational consequences of self-efficacy and opens an agenda for future research.