Unfinished legacy: understanding reciprocity, business groups and MNCs in Latin America
本文借鉴Alice Amsden对东亚发展的研究，分析了拉丁美洲在互惠关系、商业集团和跨国公司三个方面的特点，指出其与东亚的差异，对研究拉美发展问题的学者有参考价值。
Three core topics in Alice Amsden’s work have special relevance for the analysis of development in Latin America. First, relationships of reciprocity were prominent in developmental states of East Asia where governments provided firms with large subsidies in return for exacting performance standards. Reciprocity was weak or absent in many industrial policies in Latin America. Second, Amsden emphasised the central role of diversified, family-owned business groups in the industrialisation of East Asia. Business groups also predominate in Latin America though they tend to be risk-averse portfolio groups. Third, while East Asian countries limited entry by multinational corporations, they dominate many manufacturing sectors in Latin America.