Justice Under Uncertainty
通过理论和实验研究，发现当结果确定时，人们倾向于平均分配资源；但存在不确定性时，分配方案差异很大，且不确定性越高的接收者获得越少。
Uncertain outcomes are an inevitable feature of policy choices and their public support often depends on their perceived justice. We theoretically and experimentally explore just allocations when recipients are exposed to certainty and uncertainty. In the experiment, uninvolved participants unequivocally choose to allocate resources equally between recipients, when there is certainty. In stark contrast, with uncertainty just allocations are widely dispersed and recipients exposed to higher degrees of uncertainty are allocated less. The observed allocations can be well organized by four different theoretical views of justice, indicating that uninvolved participants differ fundamentally in their views on justice under uncertainty. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2535 . This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.