Gender differences in the union wage premium? A comparative case study
利用挪威和英国的雇主-雇员匹配调查数据，研究工会成员性别构成变化是否导致男女工会工资溢价不同。发现英国仅女性有工会溢价，但男性从工会密度中获益；挪威在男性主导工作场所男女均有溢价，女性主导时女性获益更多。
Trade unions have changed from being male dominated to majority-female organizations. We use linked employer–employee surveys for Norway and Britain to examine whether, in keeping with a median voter model, the gender shift in union membership has resulted in differential wage returns to unionization among men and women. In Britain, while only women receive a union wage premium, only men benefit from the increased bargaining power of their union as indicated by workplace union density. In Norway, however, both men and women receive a union wage premium in male-dominated workplaces; but where the union is female dominated, women benefit more than men. The findings suggest British unions continue to adopt a paternalistic attitude to representing their membership, in contrast to their more progressive counterparts in Norway.