Trade liberalization and the environment: Evidence from NAFTA and U.S. manufacturing
研究了北美自由贸易协定对美国制造业工厂颗粒物和二氧化硫排放的影响，发现贸易自由化显著降低了这些污染物的排放。
The unobserved responses of individual polluters are often used to rationalize the aggregate effects of international trade on the environment. In this paper, I provide the first evidence of these responses. I estimate the effects of NAFTA on the emissions of particulate matter (PM10) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) from manufacturing plants in the United States. My findings suggest that trade liberalization led to significant reductions of these pollutants at affected plants. On average, nearly two-thirds of the reductions in PM10 and SO2 emissions from the U.S. manufacturing sector between 1994 and 1998 can be attributed to trade liberalization following NAFTA.