A Primer on Using Behavioral Data for Testing Theories in Advertising Research
为习惯使用实验或调查数据的广告研究者提供利用行为数据的入门指南，涵盖数据来源、分析流程及常见问题（如内生性、计数数据）的解决方法。
Interactions with and between customers in digital, social, and mobile environments are commonly recorded, producing behavioral data that have the potential to advance advertising research. This article provides an accessible guide on how to leverage such data for advertising researchers who may have thus far relied mostly on lab experiment or survey data. Specifically, we suggest potential sources for behavioral data and present a process for analyzing and interpreting behavioral data. Each step of the process is discussed: exploring, understanding and preparing data; specifying and estimating models; and interpreting and presenting the results. Some fundamental issues with using multiple regression to analyze such data are covered, including standardization, outliers, transformations, multicollinearity, and the omitted variable bias. We also discuss issues that are especially problematic with using behavioral data in advertising research, including endogeneity, count data, data with many zeros, and grouped data. More advanced versions of regression that address these issues are surveyed, including instrumental variables, propensity scoring, generalized linear models, and mixed models. General advice for thinking about behavioral data is provided.