How Do Patents Affect Research Investments?
梳理了专利影响研究投资的三个关键参数：披露功能、专利强度及对后续创新的影响，并评述了相关实证证据，适合关注专利政策与创新激励的研究者。
Although patent systems have been widely used both historically and internationally, there is nonetheless a tremendous amount of controversy over whether patent systems, in practice, improve the alignment between private returns and social contributions. In this article, I describe three parameters—how the disclosure function affects research investments, how patent strength affects research investments in new technologies, and how patents on existing technologies affect follow-on innovation—needed to inform the question of how patents affect research investments, and review the available evidence that has attempted to empirically estimate these parameters.