Revealed preferences with plural motives: axiomatic foundations of normative assessments in non-utilitarian welfare economics
基于阿马蒂亚·森对显示偏好理论中一致性效用最大化假设的批判，提出一个非功利主义的规范性标准，用于评估福利和贫困，并构建了适用于多元动机（自利与道德）的替代排序规则。
This paper explores the possibility of defining a non-utilitarian normative standard for assessments of welfare and deprivation. The paper formalises a key aspect of Amartya Sen’s critique of the assumption of consistent utility-maximisation in the revealed preference theory and proposes a generalisation of the standard Samuelsonian choice model for the case in which choices are based on plural motives (here, self-interested and moral motives). Based on a set of intuitive assumptions about the way in which unobservable motives are linked to observable choices, we then construct an alternative normative ranking rule that can be used in non-utilitarian welfare economics to rank social outcomes or provide a normative basis for the construction of composite indices, for instance.