MARKET VERSUS AGRICULTURE IN POLAND – MACROECONOMIC RELATIONS OF INCOMES, PRICES AND PRODUCTIVITY IN TERMS OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM
研究了波兰农业中价格、生产率和收入的宏观经济关系，构建模型证明市场失灵存在，并指出价格剪刀差而非生产效率主导农业收入，直接补贴反而强化了King效应。
In the article macroeconomic relations of prices, productivity and incomes in Polish agriculture in the context of changes in the EU Common Agricultural Policy were studied. The authors have developed a macroeconomic model which explains these relations and confirms the occurrence of market failures in agriculture in Poland. The developed model proves the existence of a puzzling exchangeable relation between the real productivity of production factors in agriculture, and agricultural incomes, under conditions of adaptive expectations. It also proves that it is price scissors, not the efficiency of production, that have a dominating influence on incomes in the sector. The authors propose the hypothesis that correction of market mechanisms by government intervention in agriculture is an objective necessity. However, direct subsidies (area payments) do not have a correcting role, but reinforce King’s effect.