PEER PRESSURE: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM RESTROOM BEHAVIOR
通过公共厕所实验，发现有人在场时洗手和冲水的概率分别提高13和15个百分点，表明同伴压力能缓解因外部性导致的社会次优行为。
We provide experimental evidence on the effect of peer pressure on individual behavior. Specifically, we study the effect of being exposed to an observer in a public restroom on handwashing and urinal flushing behavior. Our estimates show that being exposed to an observer increases the probability of handwashing by 13 percentage points and the probability of urinal flushing by 15 percentage points. Given that handwashing and urinal flushing have social benefits that exceed individual benefits, our findings provide support for peer pressure as an additional way of addressing the social suboptimality arising from externalities.