Public engagement in governance for sustainability: a two-tier assessment approach and illustrations from New Zealand
提出一种双层理论框架来评估公众参与在可持续治理中的作用，包括定性分析框架和概念治理模型，并以新西兰保护区为例说明如何判断公众参与机会是否足以保障环境可持续性。
Public engagement (PE) is a recognized principle of governance for sustainability. Yet, the relationships between PE and sustainability prospects are poorly understood. This paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation approach to PE, based on a two-tier theoretical construct: an analytical framework, enabling qualitative assessments across various governance features; and a conceptual governance model, to help understand engagement opportunities holistically, for the (socio-)economic domain or natural resources of interest. A governance model is conceptualized for Protected Areas. The two-tier approach is illustrated to assess whether the engagement options available in New Zealand offer the public sufficient opportunities to safeguard environmental sustainability.