Public Intangibles: The Public Sector and Economic Growth in the SNA
提出一个分析公共投资对行业生产率和经济增长影响的框架，将公共部门资本从有形资产扩展到无形资产和长期社会资产，并指出国民账户需进行的改进。
This paper sets out a framework for analyzing the impact of public investments on industry‐level productivity and economic growth. The concept of capital in the public sector is broadened from that which is mostly tangible (e.g. physical infrastructure) to that which also includes intangibles and long‐lasting societal assets. For the analysis of public investments, we find that in addition to expanding the asset boundary, national accounts also need to: (a) impute a net return to government and other non‐market capital—or provide industry‐level data by institutional sector of origin, allowing researchers to do so; (b) include all public payments to industry in industry‐level gross operating surplus (i.e. all subsidies, production, and product, and the annuity value of investment grants); and (c) provide crosswalks for key components of government expenditure by function of government (e.g. public funds for extramural R&D or worker training) to kind‐of‐activity classifications used for industries.