Plague and Lethal Epidemics in the Pre-Industrial World
综述了从古代晚期到1800年左右鼠疫等致命流行病的研究，分析其起源、传播的环境与制度因素，以及人口和社会经济后果，并讨论黑死病等的历史教训以理解现代疫情。
This article provides an overview of recent literature on plagues and other lethal epidemics, covering the period from late Antiquity to ca. 1800. We analyze the main environmental and institutional factors that shaped both the way in which a plague originated and spread and its overall demographic and socioeconomic consequences. We clarify how the same pathogen shows historically different epidemiological characteristics, and how apparently similar epidemics could have deeply different consequences. We discuss current debates about the socioeconomic consequences of the Black Death and other plagues. We conclude with historical lessons to understand modern “plagues.”