Socio-economic transitions on the labour market: a European benchmarking exercise
研究了1998-2014年七个欧洲国家失业率的动态变化，发现离职率是失业率波动的主要驱动因素，而教育、年龄和商业周期也显著影响就业率。
The dynamics of the unemployment rate can be seen as the outcome of movements in the inflow into unemployment (i.e. the job separation rate) and movements of the outflow from unemployment (i.e. the job-finding rate). The article describes those rates during the period 1998-2014 for seven countries (Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom), estimated on the basis of the harmonised labour force surveys. In all those countries, the job separation rate largely explains the variability of the unemployment rate. The job-finding rate also contributes to that variability, but is not the driving force except in France and Spain. The multivariate analysis reveals that education and age are important determinants, apart from the business cycle. The job-finding rate appears to be very low in Belgium compared to the other examined countries, although that is due in part to a statistical phenomenon