Scaling up sanitation: Evidence from an RCT in Indonesia
研究评估了在印度尼西亚农村大规模推广社区主导的全面卫生干预的效果，发现该计划适度增加了厕所建设、减少了社区对露天排便的容忍度并降低了儿童蛔虫感染，但对贫血、身高或体重无影响，且效果因贫困程度、实施者身份和初始社会资本水平而异。
We investigate the impacts of a widely used sanitation intervention, Community-Led Total Sanitation, which was implemented at scale across rural areas of Indonesia with a randomized controlled trial to evaluate its effectiveness. The program resulted in modest increases in toilet construction, decreased community tolerance of open defecation and reduced roundworm infestations in children. However, there was no impact on anemia, height or weight. We find important heterogeneity along three dimensions: (1) poverty—poorer households are limited in their ability to improve sanitation; (2) implementer identity—scale up involves local governments taking over implementation from World Bank contractors yet no sanitation and health benefits accrue in villages with local government implementation; and (3) initial levels of social capital—villages with high initial social capital built toilets whereas the community-led approach was counterproductive in low social capital villages with fewer toilets being built.