Genetics vs. history: competing explanations of uneven development
批判了Ashraf和Galor（2013）关于国家间收入不平等由遗传多样性差异引起的观点，指出该研究忽视表观遗传学、数据有误，并掩盖了全球不平等的国际经济根源。
In a 109-page article in the American Economic Review,Quamrul Ashraf and Oded Galor (2013) argue that income inequality between nations is caused by differences in genetic diversity of national populations. Low-income nations have either too much genetic diversity, which hampers trust, or too little, which hinders innovation, both of which are necessary for economic development. A group of anthropologists has dismissed the study for having incorrect data and creating false connections between genetic diversity, trust and innovation. Beyond this, the Ashraf and Galor genetic hypothesis is problematic because it ignores recent epigenetic research and draws a veil over the international economic causes of global inequality. Ashraf and Galor argue that the winners and losers in national incomes have been chosen by nature rather than political and economic history. In tracing the causes of national inequality to genetics, Ashraf and Galor have naturalized history.