Tests in a Case–control Design Including Relatives
提出一种处理病例对照设计中依赖关系的新方法，以遗传流行病学中的亲代-子代三人组为例，推导等位基因频率检验的渐近分布，并通过模拟研究验证有限样本表现。
Abstract. We present a new approach to handle dependencies within the general framework of case–control designs, illustrating our approach by a particular application from the field of genetic epidemiology. The method is derived for parent–offspring trios, which will later be relaxed to more general family structures. For applications in genetic epidemiology we consider tests on equality of allele frequencies among cases and controls utilizing well‐known risk measures to test for independence of phenotype and genotype at the observed locus. These test statistics are derived as functions of the entries in the associated contingency table containing the numbers of the alleles under consideration in the case and the control group. We find the joint asymptotic distribution of these entries, which enables us to derive critical values for any test constructed on this basis. A simulation study reveals the finite sample behaviour of our test statistics.