Inequality of Opportunity in Wages and Consumption in Egypt
研究了埃及1988至2012年间工资和消费中的机会不平等，发现虽然工资收入不平等自1998年后上升，但由环境因素导致的部分持续下降，这源于中产阶级与贫困阶层结果趋同，而特权阶层仍显著不同。
Most explanations of the recent political upheavals in Egypt since 2011 include a reference to rising inequality, but the usual indicators of income inequality in Egypt do not support that inequality was on the rise prior to the uprisings. In this paper we provide measures of inequality of opportunity in wages and consumption for Egypt at different points in time from 1988 to 2012 that shed light on the gap between popular perceptions and measured indices of inequality. Our findings indicate that although measures of inequality of wage income have increased over time in Egypt starting in 1998, the share attributable to circumstances declined steadily throughout the whole period. We attribute this decline to the fact that outcomes for individuals from a middle class background have moved closer to the outcomes of those from a poor background. The outcomes for those from privileged backgrounds remain quite apart from the rest.