From experience to experiment: sources of ownership in processes of knowledge formation
通过分析两对美墨边境城市的学习过程和增长结果差异，研究了发展中地区行为者如何获得知识形成过程的所有权，识别出脆弱性冲击和群体实践库与经济问题的关系两个关键因素。
How do actors in developing regions acquire ownership over processes of knowledge formation? This question was central to the work of Alice Amsden and is pursued in this article by means of a distinction she introduced between an “experience” and an “experiment.” Through the analysis of a surprising divergence in learning processes and growth outcomes in two pairs of US–Mexico border cities, this article identifies and considers the implications for knowledge ownership of two main factors—shocks of vulnerability and the relationship between repertoires of group practices and economic problems. Evidence from the case studies suggests that these variables can exert a powerful effect on whether groups capture little learning through experiences or build knowledge through experiments.