Varieties of Participation in Public Services: The Who, When, and What of Coproduction
本文梳理了共同生产概念的混乱文献，基于谁参与、何时参与、产生什么三个维度，构建了一个包含三个层次（个人、群体、集体）和四个阶段（委托、设计、交付、评估）的类型学，并用实例说明，最后讨论了研究与实践启示。
Abstract Despite an international resurgence of interest in coproduction, confusion about the concept remains. This article attempts to make sense of the disparate literature and clarify the concept of coproduction in public administration. Based on some definitional distinctions and considerations about who is involved in coproduction, when in the service cycle it occurs, and what is generated in the process, the article offers and develops a typology of coproduction that includes three levels (individual, group, collective) and four phases (commissioning, design, delivery, assessment). The levels, phases, and typology as a whole are illustrated with several examples. The article concludes with a discussion of implications for research and practice.