Sanctions and export deflection: evidence from Iran
研究出口制裁是否导致出口转向，基于2006-2011年伊朗非石油出口企业数据，发现2008年制裁后三分之二出口转向非制裁国，但企业降价增销导致福利损失。
Summary Do export sanctions cause export deflection? Data on Iranian non-oil exporters between January 2006 and June 2011 shows that two-thirds of these exports were deflected to non-sanctioning countries after sanctions were imposed in 2008, and that at this time aggregate exports actually increased. Exporting firms reduced prices and increased quantities when exporting to a new destination, however, and suffered welfare losses as a result.