Stratified Social Rights Limiting EU Citizenship
本文揭示欧盟移民公民的社会权利因经济地位及原籍国和目的国不同而分层，这种分层限制了自由流动的平等机会，并挑战了欧盟公民身份的概念，最后提出欧洲最低收入计划作为解决方案。
Abstract Differences in Member States' economic development and national social protection systems can translate into significant differences in the substantive social rights of EU migrant citizens. The substantive rights of economically inactive EU migrant citizens are dependent on the ‘export’ of social rights from their country of origin to the Member State of destination, in particular during the initial phase of their residence in a new Member State as a jobseeker or a pensioner. This paper demonstrates that EU citizens' social rights are substantively stratified, not only by economic status, but also according to the Member State of origin and destination. Stratified social rights, it is argued, generate unequal opportunities to free movement and eo ipso challenge the very concept of EU citizenship. The paper concludes with a proposal for a European Minimum Income Scheme to at least partially overcome the shortcomings of existing EU citizenship.